A bibliometric analysis of the trends, topics, and findings of research publications on asynchronous and synchronous online language learning over three decades

Since the first study on computer-mediated communication tools in support of language learning was published in 1992, asynchronous and synchronous tools have been widely adopted;however, few reviews have been conducted to explore the research status in this field. As COVID-19 has increased the use of online tools in education, the need to understand how asynchronous and synchronous tools are being used in language education has grown. In this bibliometric analysis, we reviewed asynchronous and synchronous online language learning (ASOLL) by analyzing the trends, topics, and findings of 319 articles on ASOLL. The results indicate that interest in ASOLL has increased over the past three decades with ASOLL for oral proficiency development and collaborative ASOLL being the two main research issues. Interest in three topics collaborative ASOLL, emotions, and corrective feedback - was especially apparent. The review contributes to the understanding of ASOLL while providing practical implications for using information communication technologies to enhance language learning.

Emotions, perceived knowledge and food behaviors during stressful periods

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how emotions affect consumers' food choices and food preparation activities during stressful periods, using the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China.Design/methodology/approachThis study used an online survey, with a sample of 1,050 individuals from 32 regions in China. Multi-regression and mediation models were used to test the relationships among perceived knowledge, emotions and food behaviors.FindingsThe results show that positive emotions positively affect healthy food consumption and engagement in food preparations. In contrast, negative emotions contribute to an increase in indulgent food consumption and quick-and-easy meal preparations. Increased knowledge of the current situation can enhance positive emotions and thus promote healthy food behaviors. Lacking knowledge may result in unhealthy food behaviors through negative emotions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of emotions and food behaviors by examining the effects of both negative and positive emotions in the general population, exploring a wider constellation of food behaviors and identifying perceived knowledge as an important antecedent to emotions' effects on food behaviors. Implications for consumers and public policy are offered.

Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Reusable Antibacterial Peroxide Carriers for Protective Textiles

Countries around the world have sought efficient protective coverings, including masks, gowns, and fabrics, for air purification to protect people against infectious diseases. However, the demand for significant quantities of disposable protective textiles poses a global challenge, especially when the production of protective gear is suspended due to COVID-19 outbreaks in factories and along supply lines. Therefore, the development of reusable, self-decontaminating protective masks and coverings loaded with disinfectants, such as antibacterial peroxide species, presents an attractive strategy to fight against bacteria risks. In this work, we incorporated persulfate ions, which serve as stable active peroxide precursors, into two porous zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs), enabling these materials to act as regenerable reservoirs for the slow release of biocidal hydrogen peroxide upon hydrolysis by contact with humid air. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the two different coordination motifs for the persulfate ions, which can either bridge between two adjacent nodes or coordinate to a single node depending on both the node connectivity and the distances between open metal sites. The active peroxide precursors within the porous Zr-MOF carriers are stable during storage and easily regenerated once consumed. Importantly, these persulfate-loaded Zr-MOFs can be integrated onto textiles using a facile aqueous in-situ growth procedure, and these composites demonstrate potent and reusable biocidal activity against both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Overall, this approach presents a viable strategy to develop robust protective textiles capable of rapidly deactivating pathogens.

The transformation of microclimate adaption in public spaces by smart ventilation approach: a case study of Eastern Banlieue memory industrial Park, China

With the normalization of the COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control, there is an urgent need to develop a healthy urban public space. However, because of the fast urbanization process with a series of problems, such as PM2.5 air pollution, the Urban Heat Island, and the relatively high frequency of static winds under the influence of its topography, the ventilation problem in the public spaces of Chengdu is of great importance. Along these lines, in this work, the history of theoretical research on urban ventilation is summarized and reviewed first to evaluate the urban wind environment. Second, so far, qualitative methods are mainly adopted for the evaluation methods of microclimate adaptation. However, the practical application has achieved few results. Meanwhile, there is still a lack of comprehensive and unified research on the multi-element of human microclimate comfort in public space. For this reason, the urban ventilation assessment system was established in this work according to the physical, physiological, and psychological aspects, with 9 indices selected and ranked. Then, an optimization strategy for rebuilding the urban public space was proposed for improving the wind environment microclimate adaption on three levels: macro city-regional level, meso block linear space, and micro space node. By taking Eastern Banlieue Memory Industrial Park as an example, the statistical data were systematically investigated on the spot from the results of 249 wind environment questionnaires, and 30 Delphi expert consultation questionnaires. Combined with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, the results reveal that most public spaces in the study area were below 0.6 m/s in more than 80% of the public space, and wind-based environmental problems obviously exist without any ventilation improvement measures. Combined with the background of the carbon peak era, the ventilation environment of the urban public space is not conducive to using active ventilation equipment. The solution of a complete set of regional intelligent ventilation systems was thoroughly discussed here, while some innovative sustainable systematic solutions and urban ventilation furniture combined with a geothermal heat pump and cloud data platform were formulated.

Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Reusable Antibacterial Peroxide Carriers for Protective Textiles

Countries around the world have sought efficient protective coverings, including masks, gowns, and fabrics, for air purification to protect people against infectious diseases. However, the demand for significant quantities of disposable protective textiles poses a global challenge, especially when the production of protective gear is suspended due to COVID-19 outbreaks in factories and along supply lines. Therefore, the development of reusable, self-decontaminating protective masks and coverings loaded with disinfectants, such as antibacterial peroxide species, presents an attractive strategy to fight against bacteria risks. In this work, we incorporated persulfate ions, which serve as stable active peroxide precursors, into two porous zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs), enabling these materials to act as regenerable reservoirs for the slow release of biocidal hydrogen peroxide upon hydrolysis by contact with humid air. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the two different coordination motifs for the persulfate ions, which can either bridge between two adjacent nodes or coordinate to a single node depending on both the node connectivity and the distances between open metal sites. The active peroxide precursors within the porous Zr-MOF carriers are stable during storage and easily regenerated once consumed. Importantly, these persulfate-loaded Zr-MOFs can be integrated onto textiles using a facile aqueous in-situ growth procedure, and these composites demonstrate potent and reusable biocidal activity against both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Overall, this approach presents a viable strategy to develop robust protective textiles capable of rapidly deactivating pathogens. © 2023 American Chemical Society.

Towards an understanding of the engagement and emotional behaviour of MOOC students using sentiment and semantic features

Online learning and teaching increased in 2020, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. As many researchers attempted to understand the impact stress had on the emotional behaviours and academic performance of students, most studies explored these pre- and during-COVID behaviours in the context of brick and mortar institutions transitioning to online delivery. There is an opportunity to compare the experiences of students in the MOOC environment in this period, particularly in terms of the difference of engagement, semantics and sentiment/stress behaviours in 2019 and 2020. In this study, we use a dataset from AdelaideX between this time period to identify the most significant features that impact student outcomes. Where previous machine learning approaches used singular features such as student interaction or sentiment in discussion forum posts, we incorporate three feature categories of engagement, semantics and sentiment/stress in an ensemble model is based on voting and stacked methods to determining the relationship between them and academic performance. From our results, we discover that sentiment/stress played little part in academic performance and was relatively unchanged in online courses in this dataset between 2019 and 2020. We present two individual student cases to further contextualise our findings. © 2023 The Author(s)

Identify Students at Risk Based on Behavioural Patterns in Continuous Assessment

Students' success is the ultimate goal of any institution around the world. Early detection of at-risk students can facilitate the instructor or tutor to provide timely support to those at risk of failing the course. In a traditional face-to-face classroom, students can monitor learning patterns in routine interactions. However, teachers in the online classroom have limited information, compared with the face-to-face classroom, to detect students in trouble due to the lack of instance interactions between teachers and students. Particularly, such a problem has become worse than ever since 2020, as online teaching and learning are ubiquitous in the Post-COVID19 Era. In this work, we aim to predict if the student obtains a low course grade based on their behavioral patterns in continuous assessments, which are easy-to-retrieve attributes and available in most e-learning systems. We leverage the ratio of assessment grade to the time spent on the assessment as a useful feature in the machine-learning prediction framework. Experiments on real-world datasets indicate that such a ratio can improve the accuracy of detecting at-risk students. © 2022 IEEE.

Online learning research in the era of COVID-19: Bibliometric analysis and topic modeling

The global rampancy of COVID-19 has caused profound changes in education sectors. Perhaps the most salient change is the shift of the instructional paradigm from face-to-face instruction to fully online learning. To address the challenges facing the education sector, researchers and educational practitioners have extensively investigated the transition in teaching mode under COVID-19, with a growing contribution to a range of topics in relation to online learning. Against this backdrop, it is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of the major hotspots and issues of online learning so as to develop appropriate and effective policies on strategic (re-)allocation of resources to more critical initiatives. This study aims to adopt bibliometrics and topic modeling to identify prominent research topics on online learning under COVID-19 from the large-scale, unstructured text of research publications. Specifically, structural topic modeling will be used to identify predominant topics concerned by scholars working in the field of online learning research. The non-parametrical Mann-Kendell trend test will also be applied to uncover the developmental tendency of each identified topic. In addition, the correlations among the key topics will be revealed and visualized by hierarchical clustering analysis. Based on the analytical results, suggestions will be made to facilitate educational policy formulation to promote the development and effective implementation of technological, scientific, and pedagogical activities of online learning. © 2022 IEEE.

How can we implement targeted policies of rumor governance? An empirical study based on survey experiment of COVID-19

Since early 2020, COVID-19 has been a major public security crisis that has had an enormous impact on the world. With the spread of the epidemic, rumors occur, some of which have even caused public panic. They have greatly affected the government's efforts of epidemic prevention and thus urgently need to be evaluated. This study aimed to examine how to make flexible use of different policy tools to govern rumors based on their different characteristics. From the perspective of behavioral public policy, this study observes the effectiveness of various behavioral policy tools in rumor governance, hoping to explore the optimal solution of rumor governance from the perspective of micro public psychology. The survey experiment shows that individual behavior-related rumors (hereafter referred to as IBRs) are easier to be governed than epidemic progress-related rumors (hereafter referred to as EPRs) are, and that quick response is more effective than non-quick response. Through interaction analysis, it is known that in the governance of IBRs, nudge is more effective in rapid response, while in the context of non-quick response, boost outperforms nudge in rumor governance. A similar phenomenon can be seen in the scenario of EPR governance, despite a tinier difference in effectiveness compared with that of IBRs. The study enlightens us that rumor refutation requires not only people's disbelief in and restraint on rumors, but also the implementation of science-based targeted policies. Based on the conclusion, this study puts forward suggestions on implementing targeted policies of rumor governance.

The Impact of Pretransplant Respiratory Virus Infection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

Background. Respiratory virus infections (RVIs) in adult hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) candidates have been shown to impact posttransplant outcomes;however, there are few studies in pediatric patients. We sought to evaluate the role of specific viruses and the location of viral infection on post HCT outcomes. Methods. We evaluated allogeneic pediatric HCT recipients receiving myeloablative conditioning from 3/2010-3/2018. All patients had a multiplex PCR for RVIs prior to HCT, regardless of symptoms. Delaying HCT was recommended when feasible for RSV, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and influenza, but not routinely for human rhinovirus (HRV) and endemic coronaviruses. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate progression to lower respiratory disease (LRD) post HCT and linear regression models to evaluated days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) by 100 days post HCT. Results. Of 310 allogeneic HCT recipients receiving myeloablative conditioning, 133 (43%) were positive for a RVI before HCT. Baseline characteristics were notable for differences for age, recipient CMV serostatus, and delayed HCT (Table 1). The most common RVI was HRV (97, 73%) and 81 (61%) patients were symptomatic at the time of detection. Most patients had a URI (92%) and 11 patients had LRD (3 proven, 8 possible). In univariate analysis, HRV as virus type was associated with fewer DAOH and preHCT URI as location of viral infection (with and without symptoms) trended towards fewer DAOH (Figure 1a). When adjusted for age, preHCT lymphocyte count, cell source, and conditioning regimen, both HRV and preHCT URI showed a trend towards fewer DAOH, but no significant association was found (Figure 1b,c). Twenty patients progressed to LRD after HCT with the same preHCT RVI;no factors, including delay of transplant, were associated with reduced progression to LRD. Conclusion. In this single center study, HRV as virus type and URI as location of viral infection before myeloablative allogeneic HCT were associated with increased hospitalization after HCT, but not inmultivariatemodels. Larger multicenter studies are needed to provide timely evaluation and adequate statistical power to definitivelydetermine role of URI versus LRD and the impact of transplant delay and treatment strategies. (Table Presented).

Online learning-related screen use and associated factors in school-aged children in Shanghai during the COVID-19 epi-demic

Objective To understand the online learning-related screen use duration and screen types in school-aged children in Shanghai during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods Random clustering sampling was used to select 5 591 parents of students from 8 primary and junior schools that are in the sampling pool of the national myopia survey in districts of Jiading, Pudong and Baoshan in Shanghai in April 2020. Electronic questionnaire was administered to parents regarding their child's online learning-related screen use. Results On average, the median weekly duration of online learning-related screen use was 13.33 hours, the curricular and extracurricular parts of which were 10(8.75, 16.67) and 0(0, 3.33) hours, respectively. About 29.44% of investigated school-aged children only used small-size screen for online learning. Children in higher grades, being myopic and parents neither being myopic were associated with reporting higher weekly duration(P<0.05);children in higher grades of primary school and parents neither being myopic were associated with a higher likelihood of using small-size screen for online learning(P<0.05). Conclusion At the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, the burden associated with online-learning-related screen use was high in school-aged children in Shanghai. Health education regarding online learning-related screen use should be addressed in parents to guide their children to use screen appropriately. © 2022 Ｃｈｉｎ Ｊ Ｓｃｈ Ｈｅａｌｔｈ. All rights reserved.

Virtual Interactions of Companion Pet Effects for Remote Pet Owners

In recent years, the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) has become more widespread, which has had a great impact on the animal health system. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, interactions between people and pets have been of great help in the regulation of mood and spirit. And in modern society, more and more people regard pets as their emotional sustenance, it can be said that pets are no longer just living in the family as animals, but also a kind of "loved ones", so the health and care of pets is particularly important. IoT devices come in the form of wearables for tracking human activity. Now wearables can also be used to monitor animal activity. Novel Pet Collaborative Care (NPCC) uses biosensors and corresponding software to monitor and maintain animal health records, as well as supports remote virtual interactions with pets or virtual pets. The main purpose of this article is to review the latest advances in the field of animal health, and to improve and strengthen them on this basis, with the aim of conducting research and development in the hope of bringing more benefits to pets. © 2022 ACM.

Factors aggravating acne vulgaris during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVE: Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease worldwide. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients with acne complained of worsening symptoms. This investigation was designed to survey the impact of COVID-19 regulations on acne and guide patients with acne on symptom management during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 7th to April 21st, 2020, an anonymous, self-completed, web-based questionnaire was distributed to patients previously diagnosed with acne (via the Chinese internet medical software). Information collected included patients' mask-wearing routines and behavioral factors including dietary habits, sleep habits, facial hygiene, and make-up use habits. RESULTS: 508 qualified questionnaire responses were collected. During the COVID-19 outbreak in China, there was an overall worsening of patients' acne symptoms (152, 29.9%). Behaviors including intake of sweets (34.9% vs. 16.0%, p<0.01), dairy consumption (32.9% vs. 23.3%, p<0.05), greasy (19.1% vs. 11.2%, p<0.05) and spicy food intake (30.3% vs. 14.3%, p<0.01) and mask-wearing frequency (>28 hours per week) (25.0% vs. 15.3%, p<0.05) presented a statistically significant difference between the acne aggravated and non-aggravated groups. Longtime mask-wearing (>28 hours per week), rather than the mask type, was significantly associated with acne symptom deterioration during the COVID-19 outbreak (odds ratio [OR]: 2.164; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.232-3.801). CONCLUSIONS: Besides the well-known risk factors, such as sweets intake, dairy consumption, and greasy and spicy food intake, wearing masks appears to trigger or aggravate acne during the COVID-19 pandemic. Limiting overall mask-wearing time may help to manage acne.

Data Analytics on Online Student Engagement Data for Academic Performance Modeling

In large MOOC cohorts, the sheer variance and volume of discussion forum posts can make it difficult for instructors to distinguish nuanced emotion in students, such as engagement levels or stress, purely from textual data. Sentiment analysis has been used to build student behavioral models to understand emotion, however, more recent research suggests that separating sentiment and stress into different measures could improve approaches. Detecting stress in a MOOC corpus is challenging as students may use language that does not conform to standard definitions, but new techniques like TensiStrength provide more nuanced measures of stress by considering it as a spectrum. In this work, we introduce an ensemble method that extracts feature categories of engagement, semantics and sentiment from an AdelaideX student dataset. Stacked and voting methods are used to compare performance measures on how accurately these features can predict student grades. The stacked method performed best across all measures, with our Random Forest baseline further demonstrating that negative sentiment and stress had little impact on academic results. As a secondary analysis, we explored whether stress among student posts increased in 2020 compared to 2019 due to COVID-19, but found no significant change. Importantly, our model indicates that there may be a relationship between features, which warrants future research.

Facial Flap Necrosis From COVID-19 Face Mask Precautions

: Use of facial mask coverings has been a strong Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation as an essential mitigation measure in the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus (COVID)-19 virus. Face mask utilization has been shown to induce changes in the skin microclimate, especially around the perioral and perinasal regions. This results in increased mask adjustments and development of friction between masks and the underlying skin. The authors report novel findings of 2 individuals with skin cancer who underwent facial reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. They encountered untoward sequelae of facial flap pressure necrosis due to the use of face mask coverings. These individuals were ultimately successfully treated with local wound care. One individual experienced auricular implant extrusion and flap loss. It is critical that reconstructive surgeons be aware of potential complications and the need for potential revision surgeries due to the use of face masks, and educate their patients to properly position the protective face masks based on the type of reconstruction performed. Plastic surgeons might also reconsider reconstructive management options in light of these additional obstacles.

Using Student Generated Videos to Facilitate Discussion for Collaborative Flipped Classrooms

The purpose of this study is to incorporate a collaborative flipped classroom technique using student-generated videos to increase classroom participation. Traditional flipped classroom methods depend on educators to spend resources to produce video content. However, there is uncertainty whether a scalable and sustainable method with student-generated content can be used. Student-generated videos may provide opportunities for increasing collaboration and online engagement. The lack of knowledge and evidence has motivated this pilot study for which students record short reflective videos prior or after class using a private social media application, Soqqle. This was performed across three classes of differing modules in Hong Kong and Thailand. Evaluation and analysis of the classes differ, between participation and learning improvements, although having a similar teaching method of using student-generated videos. Results were mixed. In some cases, the predictors of correlational analysis were contradicting. In one group, results show a 64.2% increase in participation compared to the COVID-19 period. In another group, a regression analysis was able to predict learning performance with 41.2% accuracy (p= <. 001), using the number of videos watched and average duration as predictors. A teaching and learning framework for using the collaborative flipped classroom model is proposed and can be adapted by future researchers. Suggestions to further enhance the model are discussed. © 2022 IEEE.

Evaluation and Prediction of Coupling Coordinated Development of Compound System of Key State-owned Forest Region in Daxing'anling, Heilongjiang Province

Coordination is an important part of the new development philosophy. Promoting the coordinated development is the main goal of deepening the reform and development in state-owned forest region. Aiming to provide scientific basis and theoretical supports for promoting the continuous deepening of reform of state-owned forest region and realizing comprehensive and high-quality coordinated development, the key state-owned forest region in Daxing'anling, Heilongjiang Province was chosen as the research object. A compound system covering ecological conservation, industrial development, enterprise management, well-being of the people and support capability was constructed. The coupling coordination model was used to quantitatively evaluate the coupling coordination status of the compound system from 2000 to 2020. The Grey Markov model was used to predict the trend of coupling coordination development in this compound system from 2021 to 2022. Results show that, after 21-year of transformation and development, the development index of each subsystem of state-owned forest region in Daxing'anling, Heilongjiang Province has been changed, however, the process were different among subsystems. The growth rates of the subsystems of well-being of the people and resource conservation have been high, while the subsystems of enterprise management and the support capability have been lagged dramatically behind. The development stage of coupling coordination of the compound system has changed from misalignment to coordination, nevertheless, the coordinated development level was regressive in recent years due to certain factors such as policy, COVID-19, etc. It is predicted that by 2022, the development stage of coupling coordination of compound system will be recovered to the benign coordinated development type, however, there is still a big gap before it reaches the high-quality coordinated development type. It is suggested that the existing support policies and inputs should be kept stable, moreover, the enterprise management and support capability should be strengthened, in order to promote the stable and high-quality coupling coordinated development in the key state-owned forest regions in Daxing'anling, Heilongjiang Province. © 2022, China Environmental Science Press. All rights reserved.